Description
PHYSICAL SCIENCE SYLLABUS
9th CLASS
- Matter around us
1.1 States of matter
1.2 Properties of solids, liquids and gases
1.2.1 Shape and volume
1.2.2 Identifying the shape and volume of liquids
1.2.3 Do the gases have definite shape and fixed volume
1.2.4 Compressibility
1.2.5 Observing compressibility of different materials
1.3 Diffusion
1.3.1 Observing diffusion of gases
1.3.2 Observing the diffusion of liquids
1.3.3 Observing diffusion of particles of solids into liquids
1.3.4 Diffusion of two gases
1.4 Can matter change its state ?
1.5 What is matter made up of
1.5.1 How small are the particles of matter
1.5.2 Space between particles
1.6 Particles of matter attract each other
1.6.1 Observing the force of attraction between the particles of matter.
1.7 How diffusion takes place
1.8 Effect of temperature on change of state
1.9 Effects of change of pressure on change of state
1.10 Evaporation
1.10.1 Effects of surface area, humidity and wind speed on evaporation
1.10.2 Experience with evaporation
- Motion
2.1 What is relative
2.2 Motion is relative
2.2.1 Distance and displacement
O Drawing path and distinguishing between distance and displacement
O Drawing displacement vectors
2.3 Average speed and average velocity
2.3.1 Measuring average speed and average velocity
2.3.2 Speed and velocity
2.3.3 Observing direction of motion of a body
2.4 Uniform motion
2.5 Non uniform motion
2.5.1 Observing the motion of a ball on an inclined plane
2.5.2 Observing uniform circular motion
2.5.3 Observing motion of an object thrown into air
2.6 Acceleration
2.6.1 Equations of uniform accelerated motion
2.6.2 Finding the acceleration and velocity of an object
moving on an inclined plane
- Laws of motion
3.1 An introduction into laws of motion - thought of Galileo
3.2 First law of motion
3.2.1 Observing motion of coin kept on thick paper
3.2.2 Observing motion of the coins hit by a striker
3.3 Inertia and mass
3.3.1 Pushing two wooden blocks with same force
3.4 Second law of motion
3.4.1 Linear momentum
O Net force - acceleration
O Mass - acceleration
O Atwood machine
3.5 Third law of motion
3.5.1 Pulling two spring balances
3.5.2 Balloon rocket
3.5.3 Action and reaction forces acting on two different objects
3.6 Conservation of momentum
3.6.1 Dropping eggs on different surfaces - net force on egg
- Refraction of light at plane surface
4.1 Refraction
4.2 Refractive index
4.3 Relative refractive index
4.3.1 Obtaining the relation between angle of incidence and
angle of refraction - Snell's law
4.3.2 Derivation of Snell's Law
4.4 Total internal reflection
4.4.1 Mirages
4.5 Applications of total internal reflection
4.5.1 Brilliance of diamonds
4.5.2 Optical Fibres
4.6 Reflection through a glass slab
4.6.1 Lateral shift
4.6.2 Vertical shift
- Gravitation
5.1 Uniform circular motion
5.1.1 Observing the motion of an object moving in circular path
5.1.2 Drawing velocity vectors in uniform circular motions
5.1.3 Centripetal acceleration, Centripetal Force
5.2 Universal law of gravitation
5.2.1 Acceleration is independent of masses
5.2.2 What is the direction of 'g' ?
5.3 Weight
5.3.1 Can we measure the weight of free fall body ?
5.3.2 Observing changes during the free fall of a body
5.4 Centre of gravity
5.4.1 Balancing objects
5.4.2 Locating centre of gravity
5.5 Stability
5.6 Shift of the centre of gravity and its effects
6 Is matter pure ?
6.1 Is full cream pure ?
6.2 What is a mixture ?
6.3 Types of mixtures (homogenous, heterogeneous)
6.4 Solutions
6.4.1 Properties of Solutions
6.4.2 Concentration of Solutions
6.4.3 Preparation of saturated and unsaturated solutions
6.4.4 Factors affecting the rate of dissolving
6.5 Suspensions and colloids
6.5.1 Finding of heterogeneous mixture - suspensions and colloids
6.6 Separations of components of a mixture
6.6.1 Sublimation - Separation of mixtures by sublimation
6.6.2 Evaporation - Process of Evaporation of Water
6.7 Chromatography - Paper Chromatography
6.8 Separation of immiscible and miscible liquids
6.8.1 Separation of immiscible liquids
6.8.2 Separation of mixture of two immiscible liquids
6.8.3 Distillation - Separation of two miscible liquids by distillation
6.8.4 Fractional distillation
6.9 Types of pure substances
6.9.1 Can we separate Sulphur and Oxygen from Copper Sulphate
6.9.2 Understanding the nature of elements, compounds and mixtures
- Atoms Molecules and Chemical Reaction
7.1 An introduction about atoms
7.2 Change of mass in chemical reactions
7.3 Law of conservation of mass
7.4 Law of constant proportions
7.5 Dalton's atomic theory
7.5.1 Atoms and molecules
7.6 Why do we name elements ?
7.7 Symbols of elements
7.8 Some unusual symbols
7.9 Elements with more than one atom in their molecules
7.10 Atomicity
7.11 Valency
7.12 What is ion ?
7.13 Atomic mass
7.14 Molecules of compounds
7.14.1 Chemical formulae of compounds(Criss-Cross method)
7.15 Molecular mass
7.16 Formula unit mass
7.17 Mole concept
7.17.1 Molar mass
7.18 Types of Chemical Reactions
7.18.1 Combinations reaction : (Exothermic chemical reactions, Endothermic reactions)
7.18.2 Decomposition reaction : (Thermal, Electrolytic, Photochemical reactions- examples only without mentioning names)
7.18.3 Displacement reaction
7.18.4 Double displacement reaction
7.19 Oxidation and Reduction
7.20 How you observe the effects of Oxidation reactions in daily life
7.20.1 Corrosion and prevention of corrosion
7.20.2 Combustion
7.20.3 Yeast reaction
7.20.4 Bleaching
7.20.5 Rancidity
- Floating bodies
8.1 Can objects sink or float ? (fun activity)
8.2 Density - relative density
8.3 Relative density of liquids
8.3.1 Making of lactometer
8.4 When do objects float on water ?
8.4.1 Do objects denser than water float on it ?
8.4.2 Is the weight of object and weight of water displaced by it equal ?
8.4.3 Making aluminium to float
8.5 Upward force in liquids
8.6 Pressure of Air
8.6.1 Atmospheric pressure
8.6.2 Measuring atmospheric pressure
8.7 Pressure at a depth 'h' in a liquid
8.7.1 Pressure difference at different levels of depth in fluids
8.8 Measuring the force of buoyancy
8.8.1 Measuring the weight of the water displaced by the immersed stone
8.9 Archimedes' principles
8.10 Pascal's principle - Bramah press
- What is inside atom
9.1 Sub-atomic particles
9.1.1 Electrons, protons, neutrons
9.2 Structure of atom
9.2.1 Sketch the structure of an atom as you imagine
9.3 Thomson's Model of atom
9.4 Rutherford's alpha particles scattering experiment - Rutherford's observations
9.4.1 Nuclear model of an Atom - Limitations of Rutherford's atomic model
9.5 Bohr's model of the atom
9.6 Distribution of electrons in different orbits (shells)
9.7 Valency
9.7.1 Importance of valency
9.8 Atomic number
9.9 Atomic mass number
9.10 Writing symbols of atoms
9.11 Isotopes
9.11.1 Applications of isotopes
- Work and Energy
10.1 Work
10.1.1 Scientific meaning of the work
10.1.2 Definition of work in science
10.2 Energy
10.2.1 Energy transfer and work
10.2.2 Understanding the increase and decrease in energy of an object
10.3 Kinetic energy
10.3.1 Mathematical Expression for Kinetic energy
10.4 Potential energy
10.4.1 Observing energy in stretched rubber band
10.4.2 Observing the energy in an object at some height
10.5 Mechanical energy
10.6 Conversion of energy
10.6.1 Conservation of mechanical energy
10.6.2 Calculating total energy of free fall at different heights
10.7 Power
10.8 Sources of Energy
10.8.1 Source of Energy
10.8.2 Fuels
10.9 Renewable energy Resources
10.9.1 Solar energy, Solar Cells
10.9.2 Biomass
10.9.3 Biogas
10.9.4 Ocean energy
O Tidal energy
O Motion Thermal energy
10.9.5 Geothermal energy
10.9.6 Wind energy
10.9.7 Atomic energy
O Nuclear Fission
O Nuclear Fusion
- Heat
11.1 Thermal equilibrium - Heat and Temperature
11.1.1 Heat
11.1.2 Temperature and Kinetic Energy
11.2 Specific heat
11.2.1 Applications of Specific Heat capacity
11.3 Methods of mixtures
11.3.1 Principle of method of mixtures - Determination of specific heat of a solid
11.4 Evaporation, Condensation, Humidity, Dew and Fog, Boiling, Melting, Freezing
- Sound
12.1 Sound is a form of energy
12.2 Production of sound
12.2.1 Observing the vibration of tuning fork
12.3 How does sound travel
12.3.1 Propagation of sound
12.4 Types of waves
12.4.1 Transverse waves
12.4.2 Sound waves are Longitudinal waves
12.5 Characteristics of sound wave
12.5.1 Wavelength
12.5.2 Amplitude
12.5.3 Time period, frequency
12.5.4 Speed of sound wave
12.6 Characteristics of musical waves
12.6.1 Pitch
12.6.2 Loudness
12.6.3 Quality
12.7 Reflection of sound
12.7.1 Listening reflected sound - Echo
12.7.2 Reverberation
12.7.3 Uses of multiple reflection of sound
O Megaphone, Horm
O Stethoscope
O Designing of Concert halls and Cinema halls
12.8 Range of Hearing
12.9 Applications of ultrasounds
12.9.1 Industrial applications
12.9.2 Medical applications
12.10 Sonar
